General Information of Bihar

Date of Establishment –                                                                 22nd March, 1912
Capital –                                                                                            Patna
Latitude of the state –                                                                    24°20’10” N to 27°31’15” N
Longitude of the state –                                                                 83°19’50“ to 88°17′40″ E
Total geographical area of the state –                                         94,163 sq. km
Percentage of total geographical area in the country –            2.86%
Rank in the country in terms of area –                                         12th
Length (North to South) –                                                               345 km
Length (East to West) –                                                                   483 km
Official language of the state –                                                      Hindi (first) and Urdu (second)

• On 22 March 1912, both Bihar and Orissa were separated from Bengal as Bihar and Orissa Province.
• On 1 April 1936, Bihar and Orissa became separate provinces.
• Jharkhand was separated from Bihar and became an independent state on November 15, 2000.

Bihar Special Basic Information | Bihar Basic Details | Bihar GK

Facts Related to Boundaries of Bihar

Geographical boundary –                                Nepal in the North, Uttar Pradesh in the West, Jharkhand in the South

                                                                           and the Northern part of West Bengal in the East

State with longest boundary –                                                Uttar Pradesh

Most Eastern district –                                                             Katihar

Most Western district-                                                             Kaimur

Most Northern district-                                                            West Champaran

Most Southern district-                                                           Gaya

Geographical Information of Bihar

Geographical Location-                                                          Eastern part of India
Climate-                                                                                    Tropical Monsoon
District with highest rainfall-                                                  Kishanganj
District with lowest rainfall –                                                   Aurangabad
Maximum forests in Bihar-                                                     Deciduous
District with maximum irrigation field-                                 Sheikhpura
District with minimum irrigation field-                                  Jamui

Facts Related to the Agriculture, Animal Husbandry and Irrigation of Bihar

Net sown area-                                                              5045.36 thousand hectares

                                                                                         (According to Economic Survey, 2022-23)
Contribution of agriculture sector to GSVA-             20%
Agro-climatic Zones-                                                     3
Livestock population in Bihar-                                     36.54 million (According to Livestock Census, 2019)
Oldest canal of the state-                                             Sone Canal

Longest canal of the state-                                           Rajpur Canal
Important districts of using ponds-                             North Bihar plains, Gopalganj and Madhubani
Largest irrigated districts by tube well-                      Patna, Kishanganj and Araria

Facts Related to the Industry of Bihar

Largest industry of the state-                                                        Textile and Leather

Industrial regions in Bihar-                                                             6

Jute Park in Bihar-                                                                           Maranga in Purnea district

Some prominent industries (प्रमुख उद्योग) in Bihar-                Bihar State Sugar Corporation (1974),

                                                                                                      Bihar Silk and Textile Institute (1922),

                                                                                                      Kalyanpur Cement Ltd (1937),

                                                                                                      Hindustan Fertiliser Corporation (1976), 

                                                                                                      National Jute Manufactureres Corporation Ltd (1980),

                                                                                                     Bihar Insecticide Ltd (1982), 

                                                                                                     Bihar State Milk Cooperative Federation Ltd (1983)

Famous Paper Industry in the State-                                     Dalmainagar Paper Factory in Rohtas district

Important Facts Related to Education of Bihar

Total universities in Bihar-                                                37 (15 State Universities,

                                                                                                       6 Institutes of National Importance,

                                                                                                     4 Central Universities, 1 Deemed University,

                                                                                                     1 Institute under State Legislative Act, 

                                                                                                     1 Open University,

                                                                                                     7 Private Universities)

First university in Bihar-                                                           Patna University, Patna (1917)

Largest residential university in Bihar

(आवासीय विश्वविद्यालय)             –                                                  Nalanda University

Only open university of the State Government-                   Nalanda Open University

Bihar Administration

High Court-                                                                            In Patna (establishment year 1916)

Division-                                                                                 9

Districts-                                                                                38

Sub-divisions-                                                                       101

Lok Sabha Seats-                                                                  40

Rajya Sabha Seats-                                                               16

Number of reserved seats of 

Scheduled Caste (SCs) in Lok Sabha-                                  6

Bihar Demographic Profile (Census-2011)

Total Population–                                                                      10 Crore,40,99,452

• Male-      5 Crore,42,78,157 (52.14%)
• Female- 4 Crore ,98,21,295 (47.86%)

Percentage of the total population of the country-            8.6%

Rank in the country in terms of population-                        3rd (1st-Uttar Pradesh, 2nd-Maharashtra)

• District with highest population- Patna
• District with lowest population- Sheikhpura
•  

Population Growth-                                                                 25.42%

• District with highest population growth-                  Madhepura (31.12%)
• District with lowest population growth-                  Arwal (18.89%)

Population Density-                                                            1106 (1st rank)

• District with highest population density-              Sheohar (1880/sq. km)
• District with lowest population density-               Kaimur (488/sq. km)

Literacy Rate-                                                                      61.80%

• Male- 71.2%
• Female- 51.5%

Bihar Special Basic Information | Bihar Basic Details | Bihar GK

First in Bihar

First Governor-                                                                   Jairamdas Daulatram

First Muslim Governor-                                                     Dr Zakir Hussain

First Chief Minister-                                                           Sri Krishna Sinha

First Harijan Chief Minister-                                             Bhola Paswan Shastri

First Education Minister-                                                  Sir Ganesh Dutt

First Muslim Chief Minister-                                            Abdul Ghafoor

First Speaker of Legislative Assembly-                           Ramdayalu Singh

First Female Chief Minister-                                            Rabri Devi

First Non-Congress Chief Minister-                                Mahamaya Prasad Sinha

First Poet-                                                                           Vidhyapathi

First Chief Justice of Supreme Court-                           Bhuvaneshwar Prasad Sinha

First Hindi Newspaper-                                                   Sarvhitaishi 

Hindi Weekly Newspaper-                                             Bihar Bandhu

First English Daily Newspaper-                                     The Searchlight

English Weekly Newspaper-                                          The Bihar Herald

First Bhojpuri Film-                                                          Hey Ganga Maiya Tohe Piyari Chadhayibo

First Maithili Film-                                                            Kanyadaan

First Hindi Film-                                                                Kal Humara Hai

First Doordarshan Centre-                                              Muzaffarpur

 

First Recipient of Various Awards from State Bihar

First person awarded with Padma Shri-                     Vishnukant Jha (1961)

First woman awarded with Padma Shri-                    Bindyabasini Devi (1974)

First person awarded with Bharat Ratna-                  Bidhan Chandra Roy (1961, Public Affairs)

First person awarded with Padma Bhushan-            Shyam Nandan Sahaya (1957)

First recipient awarded with Padma Vibhushan-     Fazl Ali (1956, Public Affairs)

First Recipient of Ashoka Chakra-                               Randhir Verma

First Jnanpith Award (ज्ञानपीठ पुरस्कार) Winner-     Ramdhari Singh Dinkar (For Urvashi)

State Symbols of Bihar

State Emblem of Bihar

• The emblem of Bihar consists of the Bodhi tree with prayer beads, flanked by two Swastikas. The base of the tree is a brick with Bihar inscribed in Urdu on it.
• It is the official logo of the Government of Bihar.

Bihar State Tree: Peepal

• Peepal is the state tree of Bihar. The scientific name of Peepal tree is Ficus Religiosa or sacred fig.
• It is found in the sub-continent of India.
• Peepal tree is considered sacred by the followers of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism.
• Gautam Buddha attained enlightenment while meditating underneath a Ficus Religiosa. The site is in Bodh Gaya in Bihar. All parts of this tree are useful. Its fruits are used to cure heart-related diseases.

Bihar State Flower: Marigold

• Marigold is the state flower of Bihar. Scientific name of Marigold is Tagetes spp,as it is fondly called locally, the ‘Genda’ flower. Marigold has medicinal application. This plant is useful for skin infactions.
• Minor skin injuries and inflammation can also be successfully treated. Marigold ointment promotes wound healing for eczema and Sun burns.

Bihar State fruit: Mango (Mangiferaindica)

• Mango is an edible fruit produced by the mango tree (Mangifera indica L.). There are hundreds of cultivars of mango known throughout the world. The mango fruit varies in shape, size, flesh color, and sweetness depending on the cultivar.
• Mango is also the National Fruit of India, the Philippines, and Pakistan.

Bihar State Animal: Ox

• State Animal of Bihar is Ox also known as a Bullock. Its scientific name is Bos Taurus.
• It is mainly used for ploughing, for transport (pulling carts, hauling wagons and even riding), for threshing grain by trampling, and for powering machines that grind grain or supply irrigation among other purposes.

Bihar State Bird: House Sparrow

• House Sparrow is the state bird of Bihar. The scientific name of House Sparrow is Passer Domesticus. Generally, sparrows are small, plump, brown-grey birds with short tails.
•  
• Many species of sparrow make their nest on buildings, trees and the houses. Sparrows are among the most familiar of all wild birds. They are primarily seed-eaters, though they also consume small insects.

Bihar State Fish of Bihar – Walking Catfish

Common Name: Walking Catfish

Local Name: Magur

Scientific Name: Clarias batrachus (Linnaeus, 1758)

• Clarias batrachus is a freshwater airbreathing catfish that lives in slow-moving waters in muddy ponds, rivers, streams, canals, and rice paddies.
• The fish is native to Southeast Asia.

Bihar Main Festival: Chhath Puja

• Chhath Puja is one of the extremely mainstream celebrations in Bihar.
• Chhath Puja is also called as Chhathi Maiya. Chhath Puja celebration is commended on the 6th day of Kartik Shukla Paksha.
• In Chhath Puja, the God Sun and Chhathi Maiya are revered by the ceremonies.

Bihar’s Main Dish: LittiChokha

• Litti Chokha is an exceptionally famous dish among Bihar’s kin.
• It is a conventional Bihari dish, made with wheat flour and tomato curry.
• This formula looks precisely like the Rajasthani Dal Bati formula.